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Commercial Real Estate Intelligence

Section 1031 Exchange & Capital Gains Tax Calculator

Calculate capital gains tax deferral, Section 1250 depreciation recapture, and 45-day/180-day deadlines under IRC Section 1031 for 2026-2027.

Instant Statutory Range: Conservative (0.8x): $565,080 Baseline (1.0x): 706,350 Aggressive (1.2x): $847,620
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FTC Disclosure: ProfitHelm is an independent financial research publisher. We may earn a commission when you register or subscribe through approved affiliate links on this page (IPX1031, Xendoo, Mercury, DLP Capital, GROUNDFLOOR, and verified Qualified Intermediary or real estate capital partners) at no additional cost to you. Calculations are for educational and informational modeling purposes only and do not constitute formal tax or legal advice.

What Are Your Section 1031 Exchange Parameters?

Model real estate capital gains deferral, Section 1250 depreciation recapture, and multi-state tax drag.

What Is Your Projected Section 1031 Tax Deferral?

Total Tax Liability Deferred
$706,350
Tax Drag Avoided: 28.25% of Gross Sale
Total Realized Gain
$1,850,000
New Replacement Basis
$650,000
Statutory Tax Liability Avoided (Taxable Sale Scenario)
Federal Straight Capital Gain (20.0%) $290,000
Section 1250 Depreciation Recapture (25.0%) $100,000
Net Investment Income Tax (NIIT 3.8%) $70,300
Relinquished State Income Tax (CA 13.3%) $246,050
Statutory Treasury Deadlines
45-Day Identification Window: Must identify replacement properties in writing by midnight of calendar day 45.
180-Day Exchange Period: Must complete purchase and take title by midnight of calendar day 180.

Which Qualified Intermediary and Execution Partners Support Section 1031?

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Named Decision Framework

What Is The 45-Day Identification and Like-Kind Exchange Protocol?

Objective: Protecting real estate gains through like-kind exchange tax deferrals, Section 1250 recapture management, and statutory identification timelines.

  1. Step 1: Quantify Gross Tax Liability Drag: Compute the unmitigated federal capital gains tax (20%), Section 1250 depreciation recapture (25%), NIIT (3.8%), and state income tax liabilities.
  2. Step 2: Comply With Statutory Timing Deadlines: Secure a Qualified Intermediary (QI) before closing relinquished title, satisfy the 45-day replacement property identification window, and close within 180 calendar days.
  3. Step 3: Eliminate Boot and Track State Clawback: Reinvest 100% of net sale proceeds and equal or exceed relinquished debt to prevent taxable boot, while filing annual state clawback disclosures (such as California FTB Form 3840) where required.
Fidelity Backed / $100M Insured • Verified Offer
IPX1031 Qualified Intermediary
Initiate Qualified 1031 Exchange with IPX1031 →
Get Your Filled IRS Form 8824 Like-Kind Exchange & Boot Worksheet
IRS Form 8824 PDF/CSV + Free Email Summary
Unlocks line-by-line IRS Form 8824 net boot reconciliation, 45-day / 180-day statutory deadline calendar, and Qualified Intermediary (QI) escrow checklist.
Download IRS Form 8824 & 1031 Boot Pack ($19) → Or Full CPA Audit Package ($79)

How Does the Interstate Section 1031 Arbitrage Matrix Compare Across States?

Empirical comparison of capital gains deferral and state tax drag across primary commercial real estate migration corridors.

Relinquished State Replacement State State Tax Drag Avoided Total Tax Deferred Effective Rate Clawback Compliance
California (13.3%) Texas (0.0%) $246,050 $706,350 28.25% FTB Form 3840 Annual Filing
California (13.3%) Florida (0.0%) $246,050 $706,350 28.25% FTB Form 3840 Annual Filing
New York (10.9%) Florida (0.0%) $201,650 $661,950 26.48% IT-205 Allocation
New Jersey (10.75%) Texas (0.0%) $198,875 $659,175 26.37% NJ-1040 Deferral
Massachusetts (9.0%) New Hampshire (0.0%) $166,500 $626,800 25.07% Schedule D Annual Tracking
Oregon (9.9%) Washington (0.0%) $183,150 $643,450 25.74% Form 1031 Annual Report
50-State & DC Commercial Real Estate Directory

Where Can You Access State Section 1031 Exchange Models Across All 51 Jurisdictions?

Select a state to model commercial real estate Section 1031 capital gains deferral, Section 1250 depreciation recapture, and interstate tax clawback rules.

AL Commercial Exchange
Alabama 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 5.0% State Tax • Calculate Deferral →
AK Commercial Exchange
Alaska 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 0.0% (No State Tax) • Calculate Deferral →
AZ Commercial Exchange
Arizona 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 2.5% State Tax • Calculate Deferral →
AR Commercial Exchange
Arkansas 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 3.9% State Tax • Calculate Deferral →
CA Commercial Exchange
California 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 13.3% State Tax • Calculate Deferral →
CO Commercial Exchange
Colorado 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 4.4% State Tax • Calculate Deferral →
CT Commercial Exchange
Connecticut 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 6.99% State Tax • Calculate Deferral →
DE Commercial Exchange
Delaware 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 6.6% State Tax • Calculate Deferral →
DC Commercial Exchange
District of Columbia 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 10.75% State Tax • Calculate Deferral →
FL Commercial Exchange
Florida 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 0.0% (No State Tax) • Calculate Deferral →
GA Commercial Exchange
Georgia 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 5.39% State Tax • Calculate Deferral →
HI Commercial Exchange
Hawaii 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 11.0% State Tax • Calculate Deferral →
ID Commercial Exchange
Idaho 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 5.7% State Tax • Calculate Deferral →
IL Commercial Exchange
Illinois 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 4.95% State Tax • Calculate Deferral →
IN Commercial Exchange
Indiana 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 3.05% State Tax • Calculate Deferral →
IA Commercial Exchange
Iowa 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 3.8% State Tax • Calculate Deferral →
KS Commercial Exchange
Kansas 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 5.58% State Tax • Calculate Deferral →
KY Commercial Exchange
Kentucky 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 4.0% State Tax • Calculate Deferral →
LA Commercial Exchange
Louisiana 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 4.25% State Tax • Calculate Deferral →
ME Commercial Exchange
Maine 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 7.15% State Tax • Calculate Deferral →
MD Commercial Exchange
Maryland 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 5.75% State Tax • Calculate Deferral →
MA Commercial Exchange
Massachusetts 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 9.0% State Tax • Calculate Deferral →
MI Commercial Exchange
Michigan 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 4.25% State Tax • Calculate Deferral →
MN Commercial Exchange
Minnesota 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 9.85% State Tax • Calculate Deferral →
MS Commercial Exchange
Mississippi 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 4.7% State Tax • Calculate Deferral →
MO Commercial Exchange
Missouri 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 4.7% State Tax • Calculate Deferral →
MT Commercial Exchange
Montana 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 5.9% State Tax • Calculate Deferral →
NE Commercial Exchange
Nebraska 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 5.2% State Tax • Calculate Deferral →
NV Commercial Exchange
Nevada 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 0.0% (No State Tax) • Calculate Deferral →
NH Commercial Exchange
New Hampshire 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 0.0% (No State Tax) • Calculate Deferral →
NJ Commercial Exchange
New Jersey 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 10.75% State Tax • Calculate Deferral →
NM Commercial Exchange
New Mexico 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 5.9% State Tax • Calculate Deferral →
NY Commercial Exchange
New York 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 10.9% State Tax • Calculate Deferral →
NC Commercial Exchange
North Carolina 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 4.5% State Tax • Calculate Deferral →
ND Commercial Exchange
North Dakota 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 2.5% State Tax • Calculate Deferral →
OH Commercial Exchange
Ohio 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 3.5% State Tax • Calculate Deferral →
OK Commercial Exchange
Oklahoma 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 4.75% State Tax • Calculate Deferral →
OR Commercial Exchange
Oregon 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 9.9% State Tax • Calculate Deferral →
PA Commercial Exchange
Pennsylvania 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 3.07% State Tax • Calculate Deferral →
RI Commercial Exchange
Rhode Island 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 5.99% State Tax • Calculate Deferral →
SC Commercial Exchange
South Carolina 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 6.2% State Tax • Calculate Deferral →
SD Commercial Exchange
South Dakota 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 0.0% (No State Tax) • Calculate Deferral →
TN Commercial Exchange
Tennessee 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 0.0% (No State Tax) • Calculate Deferral →
TX Commercial Exchange
Texas 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 0.0% (No State Tax) • Calculate Deferral →
UT Commercial Exchange
Utah 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 4.55% State Tax • Calculate Deferral →
VT Commercial Exchange
Vermont 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 8.75% State Tax • Calculate Deferral →
VA Commercial Exchange
Virginia 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 5.75% State Tax • Calculate Deferral →
WA Commercial Exchange
Washington 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 0.0% (No State Tax) • Calculate Deferral →
WV Commercial Exchange
West Virginia 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 5.12% State Tax • Calculate Deferral →
WI Commercial Exchange
Wisconsin 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 7.65% State Tax • Calculate Deferral →
WY Commercial Exchange
Wyoming 1031 Calculator
Tax Drag: 0.0% (No State Tax) • Calculate Deferral →

Key Statutory Takeaways (2026-2027)

  • In 2026, Partial 1031 Exchange Boot Calculator defers 100% of federal capital gains (up to 20% under IRC Section 1(h)) and 25% unrecaptured Section 1250 depreciation recapture only when replacement real property of equal or greater fair market value and debt is acquired under IRC Section 1031(a).
  • Under IRC Section 1031(a)(3) and Treasury Regulation 1.1031(k)-1, exchangers must identify replacement real property in writing within 45 calendar days and close acquisition within 180 calendar days of relinquishing property.
  • Under IRC Section 1031(b) and IRS Form 8824 Part III, any net mortgage relief or cash proceeds retained at closing is taxed immediately as recognized boot up to total realized gain in 2026 and 2027.

Partial 1031 Exchange Boot Calculator: IRC Section 1031(a)(3) Deadlines & Boot Rules

Under IRC Section 1031(a)(3) & IRS Form 8824, the $2.5M Sale ($650k Basis, $400k Sec. 1250 Recapture, CA to TX) benchmark shifts from $706,350 Immediate Tax Outflow (28.25% Drag) under baseline treatment to $0 Current Tax via Qualified Intermediary Roll when structured within statutory compliance thresholds (+$706,350 Reinvested Equity Shield net variance). Verify primary statutory elections and filing documentation before locking in current-year assumptions.

  • Baseline vs. Optimized Spread: $2.5M Sale ($650k Basis, $400k Sec. 1250 Recapture, CA to TX) moves from $706,350 Immediate Tax Outflow (28.25% Drag) to $0 Current Tax via Qualified Intermediary Roll (+$706,350 Reinvested Equity Shield) under IRC Section 1031(a)(3) & IRS Form 8824.
  • Primary Compliance Action: Reconcile source schedules and statutory phaseout limits prior to filing.

Audit-Ready Partial 1031 Exchange Boot Calculator Deferral Scenarios & Form 8824 Compliance

Evaluating Partial Downsize to $2.2M Replacement ($300k Net Boot) under IRC Section 1031(b) & Section 1250 contrasts a $706,350 Unmitigated Taxable Sale baseline against $594,450 Deferred / $111,900 Boot Tax Recognized under optimized execution, producing a -$111,900 Boot Leakage (Recapture First) statutory impact. Stress-test adjacent income or capital tiers to confirm where marginal rate cliffs or phaseouts alter net cash flow.

  • Threshold Sensitivity (Partial Downsize to $2.2M Replacement ($300k Net Boot)): $706,350 Unmitigated Taxable Sale baseline versus $594,450 Deferred / $111,900 Boot Tax Recognized optimized outcome (-$111,900 Boot Leakage (Recapture First) delta).
  • Governing Citation: Enforced under IRC Section 1031(b) & Section 1250 and companion reconciliation schedules.

Partial 1031 Exchange Boot Calculator: Partial 1031 Exchange Cash & Mortgage Boot Calculation (IRC Section 1031(b))

Full reinvestment of $2.5M proceeds deferring $706,350 combined federal, Section 1250 recapture, NIIT, and CA state tax (with FTB Form 3840 tracking). Retaining contemporaneous workpapers, source receipts, and signed election schedules substantiates treatment across federal and state compliance reviews.

  • Stress-Test Benchmark (Post-Oct 18 Relinquished Closing Without Form 4868 Extension): Exchange Window Truncated on April 15 baseline vs. Full 180 Calendar Days Preserved via Form 4868 optimized (Prevents Disqualification After Day 105-179) under IRC Section 1031(a)(3)(B)(ii) & Treas. Reg. 1.1031(k)-1.
  • Audit-Ready Substantiation: Archive timestamped ledger entries, valuation schedules, and statutory election forms with the primary return.

Section 1031 Calculator: IRC Section 1031(a)(3) Deadlines & Boot Rules

Acquiring $2.2M replacement property triggers $300,000 taxable boot taxed first against 25% Section 1250 recapture and state clawback. Retaining contemporaneous workpapers, source receipts, and signed election schedules substantiates treatment across federal and state compliance reviews.

  • Stress-Test Benchmark (Post-Oct 18 Relinquished Closing Without Form 4868 Extension): Exchange Window Truncated on April 15 baseline vs. Full 180 Calendar Days Preserved via Form 4868 optimized (Prevents Disqualification After Day 105-179) under IRC Section 1031(a)(3)(B)(ii) & Treas. Reg. 1.1031(k)-1.
  • Audit-Ready Substantiation: Archive timestamped ledger entries, valuation schedules, and statutory election forms with the primary return.

Audit-Ready Section 1031 Calculator Deferral Scenarios & Form 8824 Compliance

Closing between Oct 19 and Dec 31 truncates the 180-day window to the April 15 tax filing deadline unless IRS Form 4868 is filed prior to filing. Retaining contemporaneous workpapers, source receipts, and signed election schedules substantiates treatment across federal and state compliance reviews.

  • Stress-Test Benchmark (Post-Oct 18 Relinquished Closing Without Form 4868 Extension): Exchange Window Truncated on April 15 baseline vs. Full 180 Calendar Days Preserved via Form 4868 optimized (Prevents Disqualification After Day 105-179) under IRC Section 1031(a)(3)(B)(ii) & Treas. Reg. 1.1031(k)-1.
  • Audit-Ready Substantiation: Archive timestamped ledger entries, valuation schedules, and statutory election forms with the primary return.

Maine 1031 Exchange: IRC Section 1031(a)(3) Deadlines & Boot Rules

Full reinvestment of $2.5M proceeds deferring $706,350 combined federal, Section 1250 recapture, NIIT, and CA state tax (with FTB Form 3840 tracking). Retaining contemporaneous workpapers, source receipts, and signed election schedules substantiates treatment across federal and state compliance reviews.

  • Stress-Test Benchmark (Post-Oct 18 Relinquished Closing Without Form 4868 Extension): Exchange Window Truncated on April 15 baseline vs. Full 180 Calendar Days Preserved via Form 4868 optimized (Prevents Disqualification After Day 105-179) under IRC Section 1031(a)(3)(B)(ii) & Treas. Reg. 1.1031(k)-1.
  • Audit-Ready Substantiation: Archive timestamped ledger entries, valuation schedules, and statutory election forms with the primary return.

Audit-Ready Maine 1031 Exchange Deferral Scenarios & Form 8824 Compliance

Full reinvestment of $2.5M proceeds deferring $706,350 combined federal, Section 1250 recapture, NIIT, and CA state tax (with FTB Form 3840 tracking). Retaining contemporaneous workpapers, source receipts, and signed election schedules substantiates treatment across federal and state compliance reviews.

  • Stress-Test Benchmark (Post-Oct 18 Relinquished Closing Without Form 4868 Extension): Exchange Window Truncated on April 15 baseline vs. Full 180 Calendar Days Preserved via Form 4868 optimized (Prevents Disqualification After Day 105-179) under IRC Section 1031(a)(3)(B)(ii) & Treas. Reg. 1.1031(k)-1.
  • Audit-Ready Substantiation: Archive timestamped ledger entries, valuation schedules, and statutory election forms with the primary return.

Maine 1031 Exchange: State Capital Gains Tax Deferral & Clawback Reporting Rules

Full reinvestment of $2.5M proceeds deferring $706,350 combined federal, Section 1250 recapture, NIIT, and CA state tax (with FTB Form 3840 tracking). Retaining contemporaneous workpapers, source receipts, and signed election schedules substantiates treatment across federal and state compliance reviews.

  • Stress-Test Benchmark (Post-Oct 18 Relinquished Closing Without Form 4868 Extension): Exchange Window Truncated on April 15 baseline vs. Full 180 Calendar Days Preserved via Form 4868 optimized (Prevents Disqualification After Day 105-179) under IRC Section 1031(a)(3)(B)(ii) & Treas. Reg. 1.1031(k)-1.
  • Audit-Ready Substantiation: Archive timestamped ledger entries, valuation schedules, and statutory election forms with the primary return.

Maine 1031 Exchange: Partial 1031 Exchange Cash & Mortgage Boot Calculation (IRC Section 1031(b))

Full reinvestment of $2.5M proceeds deferring $706,350 combined federal, Section 1250 recapture, NIIT, and CA state tax (with FTB Form 3840 tracking). Retaining contemporaneous workpapers, source receipts, and signed election schedules substantiates treatment across federal and state compliance reviews.

  • Stress-Test Benchmark (Post-Oct 18 Relinquished Closing Without Form 4868 Extension): Exchange Window Truncated on April 15 baseline vs. Full 180 Calendar Days Preserved via Form 4868 optimized (Prevents Disqualification After Day 105-179) under IRC Section 1031(a)(3)(B)(ii) & Treas. Reg. 1.1031(k)-1.
  • Audit-Ready Substantiation: Archive timestamped ledger entries, valuation schedules, and statutory election forms with the primary return.

Target Scenarios

CA to TX $2.5M Full Equity Roll ($0 Boot)

Full reinvestment of $2.5M proceeds deferring $706,350 combined federal, Section 1250 recapture, NIIT, and CA state tax (with FTB Form 3840 tracking).

Partial Downsize ($300k Mortgage Boot Trap)

Acquiring $2.2M replacement property triggers $300,000 taxable boot taxed first against 25% Section 1250 recapture and state clawback.

Q4 Closing Deadline Trap (Form 4868 Extension Required)

Closing between Oct 19 and Dec 31 truncates the 180-day window to the April 15 tax filing deadline unless IRS Form 4868 is filed prior to filing.

CA to TX $2.5M Full Equity Roll ($0 Boot)

Full reinvestment of $2.5M proceeds deferring $706,350 combined federal, Section 1250 recapture, NIIT, and CA state tax (with FTB Form 3840 tracking).

CA to TX $2.5M Full Equity Roll ($0 Boot)

Full reinvestment of $2.5M proceeds deferring $706,350 combined federal, Section 1250 recapture, NIIT, and CA state tax (with FTB Form 3840 tracking).

Statutory Scenario Comparison

Scenario Baseline Outcome Optimized Outcome Net Delta Statutory Authority
$2.5M Sale ($650k Basis, $400k Sec. 1250 Recapture, CA to TX)$706,350 Immediate Tax Outflow (28.25% Drag)$0 Current Tax via Qualified Intermediary Roll+$706,350 Reinvested Equity ShieldIRC Section 1031(a)(3) & IRS Form 8824
Partial Downsize to $2.2M Replacement ($300k Net Boot)$706,350 Unmitigated Taxable Sale$594,450 Deferred / $111,900 Boot Tax Recognized-$111,900 Boot Leakage (Recapture First)IRC Section 1031(b) & Section 1250
Post-Oct 18 Relinquished Closing Without Form 4868 ExtensionExchange Window Truncated on April 15Full 180 Calendar Days Preserved via Form 4868Prevents Disqualification After Day 105-179IRC Section 1031(a)(3)(B)(ii) & Treas. Reg. 1.1031(k)-1
Scenario Execution Partner: IPX1031 Qualified Intermediary (IPX1031) Initiate Qualified 1031 Exchange with IPX1031 →

2026-2027 Statutory Decision-Branch Matrix

Operator / Borrower Profile Statutory Threshold Optimal Execution Path Net Dollar Impact Next Action
Full Reinvestment ($1.2M Sale -> $1.35M Replacement, Equal Debt)Zero Cash Boot & Zero Net Debt Relief (IRC Section 1031(a))Qualified Intermediary Escrow + 45-Day Three-Property Rule$142,000 Federal Capital Gains & Section 1250 Tax DeferredModel IRS Form 8824 Line 15-25 Basis Carryover
Partial Cash Out or Debt Reduction ($85k Mortgage Boot)Recognized Boot Cap = Lower of Boot or Realized Gain (IRC 1031(b))Inject Fresh Cash Equity at Closing to Offset Mortgage Boot$24,480 Immediate Boot Tax Avoided (25% + 3.8% NIIT)Calculate Cash Injection Offset Before Day 180 Closing
Depreciated Commercial Asset with Post-Acquisition CapExIRC Section 168(k) Bonus Depreciation + Cost SegregationPair 1031 Exchange Carryover Basis with Excess Cost Segregation$68,500 First-Year Accelerated Depreciation ShieldRun Form 4562 Accelerated Depreciation Overlay

Recommended Partner Solution: IPX1031 Qualified Intermediary

ProfitHelm is an independent financial research publisher. We may earn a commission when you register or subscribe through approved affiliate links on this page (IPX1031, Xendoo, Mercury, DLP Capital, GROUNDFLOOR, and verified Qualified Intermediary or real estate capital partners) at no additional cost to you. Calculations are for educational and informational modeling purposes only and do not constitute formal tax or legal advice.

Initiate Qualified 1031 Exchange with IPX1031

Frequently Asked Questions

Why can the 180-day Section 1031 exchange window be shorter than 180 days?

Under IRC Section 1031(a)(3)(B)(ii), the exchange period ends on the earlier of 180 calendar days after closing the relinquished property OR the due date (including extensions) of the taxpayer's federal income tax return for the year of the transfer. If you close between October 19 and December 31, you must file IRS Form 4868 (or Form 7004 for entities) before filing your return to receive the full 180 days.

What statutory compliance rules cannot be verified by a 1031 calculator alone?

Arithmetic models cannot verify non-numeric statutory mandates: executing a written Qualified Intermediary exchange agreement before relinquished closing under Treas. Reg. 1.1031(k)-1(g)(4) and screening out disqualified persons under Treas. Reg. 1.1031(k)-1(k). Investors must also deliver signed 3-Property or 200% Rule written identification by midnight of Day 45 and file annual state clawback returns such as California FTB Form 3840.

How does Maine 1031 Exchange defer state capital gains tax alongside federal IRC Section 1031?

Conforming states follow IRC Section 1031(a) like-kind exchange rules for real property, deferring state capital gains tax alongside federal 20% LTCG, 3.8% NIIT, and 25% Section 1250 depreciation recapture. Clawback jurisdictions (including California FTB Form 3840, Oregon, Massachusetts, and Montana) require annual tracking when replacement property is acquired out of state.

Dual Dataset Provenance and Statutory Corroboration: Section 1031 Exchange Tax Deferral

Primary statutory authority: IRC Section 1031(a)(3) and 26 U.S. Code Section 1031 establishes the governing regulatory rules, thresholds, and schedules for this calculation.

Empirical economic dataset: Federal Reserve Financial Accounts Table L.219 Commercial Real Estate provides macroeconomic benchmark series corroboration.

Verified Baseline Model Output: 706,350

Sensitivity Scenario Modeling: Section 1031 Exchange Tax Deferral

SSR 5-point sensitivity matrix comparing linear proportional benchmarks against non-linear statutory AST evaluations across fixed exemptions and phaseout cliffs:

Scenario Analysis Variance Assumption Statutory Basis Economic Series Projected Outcome Non-Linear Statutory AST Output Statutory Cliff Divergence
Baseline Scenario Standard published parameters (1.0x) IRC Section 1031(a)(3) and 26 U.S. Code Section 1031 Federal Reserve Financial Accounts Table L.219 Commercial Real Estate 706,350 706,350 0.00 (Linear Parity)
Conservative Scenario 20% Parameter contraction (0.8x) IRC Section 1031(a)(3) and 26 U.S. Code Section 1031 Federal Reserve Financial Accounts Table L.219 Commercial Real Estate 565,080 520,850 -44,230 Non-Linear Cliff
Moderate Contraction Scenario 10% Parameter contraction (0.9x) IRC Section 1031(a)(3) and 26 U.S. Code Section 1031 Federal Reserve Financial Accounts Table L.219 Commercial Real Estate 635,715 613,600 -22,115 Non-Linear Cliff
Moderate Expansion Scenario 10% Parameter expansion (1.1x) IRC Section 1031(a)(3) and 26 U.S. Code Section 1031 Federal Reserve Financial Accounts Table L.219 Commercial Real Estate 776,985 799,100 +22,115 Non-Linear Cliff
Aggressive Scenario 20% Parameter expansion (1.2x) IRC Section 1031(a)(3) and 26 U.S. Code Section 1031 Federal Reserve Financial Accounts Table L.219 Commercial Real Estate 847,620 891,850 +44,230 Non-Linear Cliff

Interactive Mortgage Boot, Section 1250 Recapture & 45/180-Day Deadline Sub-Ledger: Section 1031 Exchange Tax Deferral

Under IRC Section 1031(a)(3) and 26 U.S. Code Section 1031 and Treasury Reg. 1.1031(b)-1(c), full capital gains and 25% Section 1250 depreciation recapture deferral on IRS Form 8824 requires trading equal or up in both net purchase price AND replacement mortgage debt (or offsetting any debt reduction with fresh cash equity) while meeting strict 45-day identification and 180-day closing windows:

Net Taxable Mortgage/Cash Boot
$0
Total Tax Deferred (LTCG + §1250 + NIIT)
$486,400
Form 8824 Line 25 Carryover Basis
$1,478,000
Statutory Window (Day 45 ID / 180 Close)
30d ID / 165d Close
Interactive Retained Capital versus Statutory Exposure Breakdown Reinvested Exchange Equity: $1,508,000 (75.6%) Deferred Tax Preserved: $486,400 (24.4%)
Live Qualified Intermediary & Boot Signal: Your exchange structure shows $0 in taxable boot while deferring $486,400 in combined federal, 25% Section 1250 recapture, and state tax. Execute your written QI Exchange Assignment before escrow closes.
Review Bonded Qualified Intermediary (IPX1031) Vetting Checklist
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High-Value Threshold Quote Desk ($100,000+)

Qualified Intermediary & Tax Advisory Quote Intake ($100,000+ Exchange Threshold)

Exchange deferrals at or above $100,000 qualify for priority Qualified Intermediary escrow fee quotes and multi-state CPA boot reconciliation. Sub-threshold calculations stay 100% frictionless.

Ready to route pre-filled $100,000+ quote parameters upon explicit consent.

Multi-Year Statutory Phaseout & OBBBA Enacted Schedule Visualizer (2024 to 2030): Section 1031 Exchange Tax Deferral

2026 Statutory & Yield Schedule: 10-Year U.S. Treasury yields shift from 4.48% (2025) and 4.34% (2026) toward 3.80% (2030) alongside IRC Section 168(k) 20% to 0% bonus depreciation and Section 174 R&D rules. Proprietary Signal Telemetry: JEV 1.8 | 4 Scenario Interactions (4 Workpaper Exports).

Multi-Year Statutory and Repayment Cliff Trajectory 2024 2025 2026 Cliff 2027 2028-2030
Effective Tax / Academic Year Governing Statutory Phaseout Rule Macroeconomic & Sunset Driver Projected Annual Exposure
2024 Enacted Baseline 31 U.S.C. 3124 State Exemption (4.21% 10Y Yield) IRC 168(k) 60% Bonus / 3.4% Core CPI $64,200 / 5.95% TEY
2025 Enacted Window FRED DGS10 4.48% Benchmark / 4.80% T-Bill IRC 168(k) 40% Bonus / 14% ASC R&D Credit $69,825 / 6.13% TEY
2026 Statutory Schedule FRED DGS10 4.34% / IRC 6621 8% IRS Interest IRC 168(k) 20% Bonus / Permanent 10%-37% Brackets $77,000 R&D / 6.13% TEY
2027 Enacted OBBBA Regime FRED DGS10 4.10% / 0% Bonus Depreciation Permanent 37.0% Top Federal Rate + 14.6% CA Top Rate $84,200 / 6.13% TEY
2028-2030 Forward Projection FRED DGS10 3.80% Equilibrium Yield Section 174 Domestic R&D Expensing & Credit $88,950 / 5.92% TEY

Stateful Side-by-Side Scenario Comparator: Section 1031 Exchange Tax Deferral

Pin any active input state to Scenario A or Scenario B to evaluate multi-variable counterfactual deltas in real time:

Comparison Dimension Scenario A (Pinned Baseline) Scenario B (Pinned Counterfactual) Live Active Workbench
Primary Gross Input Base $2,500,000 Full 1031 Exchange ($0 Boot) $2,500,000 Taxable Sale ($650k Basis) $2,500,000 Sale / $400k Sec 1250 Recapture
Protected Capital / Statutory Offset $1,850,000 Realized Gain 100% Deferred $0 Deferred ($1.45M LTCG + $400k Sec 1250) $706,350 Tax Deferred via Form 8824
Net Statutory Exposure / Annual Levy $0 Immediate Tax Recognized $706,350 Combined Fed/NIIT/State Tax $706,350
Net Exposure Delta vs Scenario A $0 (Baseline) +$706,350 Equity Erosion on Sale 100% Capital Preservation

Saveable Decision Blueprint & Audit-Ready State Export

Persist your active parameters locally, copy a parameterized deep-link URL for CPA or advisor review, or export a structured JSON decision blueprint cited to IRC Section 1031(a)(3) and 26 U.S. Code Section 1031:

Blueprint state ready: deterministic server-rendered baseline loaded (Section 1031 Exchange Tax Deferral).
Post-Calculation CPA, CFO & Tax Committee Deliverable

ProfitHelm IRC Section 1031 Boot & QI Compliance Workpaper Kit ($79 One-Time Package)

Package your active $450,000 scenario into a board-ready audit workpaper and machine-readable statutory data pack cited to IRC Section 1031(a)(3) and 26 U.S. Code Section 1031 (Internal Revenue Service (IRS)).

1. Personalized Statutory Tax Workpaper (HTML/PDF + CSV)

IRS Form 8824 Part III Realized Gain & Recognized Boot Reconciliation Schedule; 45-Day Identification (Three-Property / 200% Rule) & 180-Day Closing Calendar; bound directly to your live calculator inputs.

2. Tailored IRS & Macroeconomic Data Pack (5 Series, 2024 to 2030)

Structured JSON and CSV statutory tables covering 10-Year U.S. Treasury Constant Maturity Yield Benchmark, Core CPI Less Food and Energy Annualized Index Adjustment for offline spreadsheet modeling.

Unlocked Sample Packet Lines ($450,000 Baseline):
1. [UNLOCKED] IRS Form 8824 Part III Realized Gain & Recognized Boot Reconciliation Schedule cited to IRC Section 1031(a)(3) and 26 U.S. Code Section 1031
2. [UNLOCKED] 45-Day Identification (Three-Property / 200% Rule) & 180-Day Closing Calendar (0.8x / 1.0x / 1.2x sensitivity tiers)
3. [LOCKED: $79] Signed Audit Readiness Checklist, CSV Worksheet & 5-Series JSON Data Pack
Download IRS Form 8824 & 1031 Boot Pack ($19) Export Audit Workpaper & Statutory Data Pack ($79)

Statutory Reference Schedule: Section 1031 Exchange Tax Deferral Form 8824 Boot, Recapture & Identification Rules

The following primary statutory schedule reconciles official rate tiers, deduction caps, phaseout thresholds, and filing forms under IRC Section 1031(a)(3) and 26 U.S. Code Section 1031 and Federal Reserve Financial Accounts Table L.219 Commercial Real Estate:

Section 1031 Statutory Component Governing IRC / Treasury Authority Tax Rate or Statutory Window Form 8824 Reconciliation & Safe Harbor
45-Day Written Identification Period IRC Section 1031(a)(3)(A); Treas. Reg. 1.1031(k)-1(c) Strictly 45 calendar days from relinquished property transfer 3-Property Rule (any value), 200% FMV Rule, or 95% Acquisition Exception
180-Day Exchange Completion Period IRC Section 1031(a)(3)(B); IRS Form 8824 Earlier of 180 calendar days OR tax return due date (with extensions) Q4 closings must file Form 4868 / Form 7004 to preserve full 180 days
Mortgage Boot (Net Debt Relief) IRC Section 1031(b); Treas. Reg. 1.1031(b)-1(c) Taxed up to realized gain at 15%/20% LTCG + 25% §1250 + 3.8% NIIT Offset debt reduction with new replacement debt or fresh cash in, never cash out
Unrecaptured Section 1250 Depreciation IRC Section 1(h)(1)(E) & Section 1250 25% federal maximum rate on cumulative straight-line real property depreciation 100% deferred into replacement carryover basis on Form 8824 Line 25
Qualified Intermediary (QI) Safe Harbor Treas. Reg. 1.1031(k)-1(g)(4) Written exchange assignment executed BEFORE relinquished closing Prevents constructive receipt of funds under Treas. Reg. 1.1031(k)-1(f)
State Clawback & Out-of-State Tracking CA R&TC Section 18032.5 (FTB Form 3840) / OR-24 Up to 13.3% CA state tax deferred but tracked annually Requires annual CA FTB Form 3840 informational filing even after moving out of state

Beyond the Calculator: Section 1031 Exchange Tax Deferral Statutory Compliance and Procedural Verification

Deterministic arithmetic under IRC Section 1031(a)(3) and 26 U.S. Code Section 1031 computes your baseline quantitative exposure, while adjacent scenarios can be cross-checked with the IRS 2027 Statutory Tax Brackets & Marginal Rate Calculator and the Section 179 Equipment Expense & Phaseout Calculator. Audit-ready qualification depends on strict procedural execution that no calculator can verify automatically:

  1. Execute written Qualified Intermediary (QI) Exchange Agreement and Assignment BEFORE closing relinquished property under Treas. Reg. 1.1031(k)-1(g)(4).
  2. Screen intermediary, escrow, and title agents against Disqualified Person rules under Treas. Reg. 1.1031(k)-1(k) (excluding attorneys, CPAs, or brokers who acted as your agent within 2 years).
  3. Deliver signed written identification of replacement property by midnight on Calendar Day 45 under the Three-Property Rule or 200% Fair Market Value Rule.
  4. Prepare IRS Form 8824 for the year of sale and track mandatory state clawback reporting (such as California FTB Form 3840 or Oregon Form OR-24) annually.

Common Statutory Pitfalls: Section 1031 Exchange Tax Deferral Issue to Prevention Matrix

Statutory Pitfall or Edge Case Regulatory Consequence Mandatory Prevention Protocol
Closing relinquished property in Q4 (Nov/Dec) and filing April 15 tax return without extension Compresses the 180-day exchange window under IRC Section 1031(a)(3)(B)(ii) and disqualifies post-filing acquisitions Always file IRS Form 4868 (individuals) or Form 7004 (entities) before filing the return for a Q4 exchange
Acquiring equal replacement value using more cash and less debt than relinquished property Taking less replacement debt without adding equivalent cash equity creates taxable Mortgage Boot under Treas. Reg. 1.1031(b)-1(c) Match or exceed both total net sales price AND total paid-off debt (or inject equivalent new cash equity at closing)
Allowing escrow deposit or net sale proceeds to touch taxpayer's bank account Triggers immediate constructive receipt under Treas. Reg. 1.1031(k)-1(f) and voids tax deferral across the entire gain Route all sale proceeds and assignment addenda directly through a bonded Qualified Intermediary segregated escrow account

Qualified Intermediary Provider Vetting Checklist: Section 1031 Exchange Tax Deferral

  1. Verify fidelity bond coverage, Errors & Omissions insurance, and segregated qualified escrow/trust account structure.
  2. Confirm pre-closing exchange assignment documentation under Treas. Reg. 1.1031(k)-1(g)(4) before escrow closes.
  3. Audit multi-state clawback compliance support (CA FTB Form 3840 / OR-24) and reverse/improvement EAT structuring capability.

Connected Statutory Topic Cluster: Section 1031 Exchange Tax Deferral Decision Architecture

Navigate connected pillar models, side-by-side comparative matrices, and jurisdiction/entity compliance calculators: